What is a Gene?

Each cell in our bodies has 46 strands of DNA. These strands are made up of millions of particles known as nucleotides. Scientists have labeled these strands A C T and G.

There’s a green eye gene, a freckle gene, and maybe even a happiness gene. But, just like with anything, single genes do not make it happen. Those genes then interact with each other to create various chemicals inside the body to make things happen like mood altering hormones and freckles.

A gene’s length and sequence determine its size and shape. The size and shape of a protein determine its function inside the body. For example, hemoglobin has a unique shape that allows it to capture oxygen. This protein can also be used to stimulate the release of oxygen-starved tissues in the body. Keratin is a structural protein that’s unique shape allows it to form hard structures such as fingernails and claws.

Many creatures share the same genes. In total, about half of the animal’s genes are its genes. Many of its genes are used to make its plant protein. Engineers have created new creatures such as corn that are toxic to insects and produce long-term storage of tomatoes. They also created a type of bacteria that can provide insulin to people with diabetes.

Summary: The gene is a special section of DNA that tells a cell how to make a protein or a group of proteins. Each gene is a unique recipe that explains how a protein or a group of proteins works.